This month Jupiter and Saturn appear in the morning sky. Mercury, Venus and Mars are visible in the evening sky. All three evening planets, together with the Moon and the star Regulus in Leo, perform quite a dance this month – well worth watching each evening after sunset from July 19. If you have trouble identifying planets from stars the Moon comes to your aid.
The best time to view the planets will be an hour or so before sunrise (before they fade from view), or soon after sunset (before they set).
Jupiter the King of the planets, bright & yellowish, begins the month high in the north-east before dawn. By months-end he’s in the northern sky. The planet remains in the small constellation of Aries all month.
Saturn is yellowish like Jupiter but fainter. It begins the month in the north-west sky before dawn. As the month progresses it moves lower and further westwards, and by the end of the month it is up for almost the whole night. It remains in Aquarius all month. Although Saturn appears to the eye to remain stationary within Aquarius it is presently moving slowly westward past the stars, or in ‘retrograde’ motion as it’s called.
Mercury a pale whitish planet that never gets far from the Sun. Mercury begins the month directly on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth, or in ‘superior conjunction’ (and therefore invisible). Initially in Cancer, it moves into Leo from the July 21. By July 15 Mercury may just become visible low above the north-west horizon shortly after sunset. From there it climbs rapidly towards Venus, Mars and Regulus (the brightest star in Leo). On July 19 and 20 a thin crescent Moon passes by. The planet climbs past Venus (July 27) and has a close encounter with Regulus (July 29) while slowly advancing on Mars as the month ends (they finally meet up in August).
Venus easily recognisable as a very bright & white ‘spotlight’. Venus is in the north-west in Leo during the early evening all month. On July 8 it reaches its greatest brightness for the year, and through a telescope it appears crescent shaped. The planet begins the month below Mars (much fainter than Venus and reddish) and Regulus (as bright as Mars but white) and proceeds to ‘chase’ Mars towards Regulus. As Mars reaches Regulus on July 10 (in the safety of the Little King?) Venus peels off to the left and appears to give up on the chase. From the middle of the month Venus takes part in the Mars-Regulus-Mercury dance across the western sky with the crescent Moon jumping in on July 20 and 21. As the month ends Venus begins a rapid descent back towards the Sun. With a display like this its easy to imagine some ancient cosmic drama going on in the heavens.
Mars reddish, and much fainter than Venus but currently just as bright as the star Regulus. Mars begins the month in the north-west during the early evening between Venus and Regulus. It appears to be fleeing upwards from Venus. It passes Regulus on July 10 and 11 – their comparative brightness but strong white-reddish colour contrast will be obvious – and is overtaken by the Moon on the July 21. Mars currently appears small and uninteresting through a telescope, smaller even than Mercury this month.